The study of chromosomes and chromosome abnormalities is encompassed in the branch of cytogenetics. A chromosomal abnormality arises due to a structural abnormality in one or more chromosomes or due to occurrence of atypical number of chromosomes. Structural abnormalities in chromosomes can lead to deletions, duplications, inversions, insertions, translocations, etc. in chromosomes. Some of the disorders arising due to this include Jacobsen syndrome, Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A, etc. Numerical disorders include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, etc. Some chromosomal abnormalities are chromosomal rearrangements, aneuploidy and genomic deletion/duplication disorders. Microscopy and array comparative genomic hybridization are widely used for cytogenetic studies. This book covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around cytogenetics. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on cytogenetics have been included herein. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.