New techniques for arbitrary optical/electronic waveform generation are becoming increasingly important for a wide range of scientific and engineering applications, including high-speed wireless and optical telecommunications, optical computing circuits, advanced radar systems, optical/microwave biomedical imaging, advanced sensors and material/device characterization techniques. Photonic approaches for optical/electronic waveform generation offer the possibility to overcome the severe speed limitations of present electronic circuits, which are practically limited to generation speeds below a few tens of GHz; all-optical circuits would easily enable generation/processing speeds covering frequency bandwidths from 10s of GHz to several THz. This book details the proposal, design and demonstration of new optical techniques for arbitrary waveform generation by introducing novel fiber-optics devices, techniques and theories. The proposed novel photonic approaches in this book are important for development of future ultrafast all-optical processing schemes based on integrated-waveguide and fiber-optics technologies.