Forest ecology, as a field of study, aims to comprehend the factors influencing the distribution and abundance of various organisms within forests worldwide. Understanding biodiversity within forests becomes paramount given their dominant presence in natural landscapes and their ability to sustain a significant portion of the world's species. However, human societies often manipulate and modify forest ecosystems for their resources, primarily wood, leading to disturbances in the natural ecological balance. Furthermore, the conversion of forests to agricultural land brings about substantial changes in the biotic composition. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of forest ecology is essential for predicting and mitigating the impacts of human activities on biodiversity. This book is intended for individuals interested in gaining knowledge about all aspects of wooded areas' ecology. It caters the needs of researchers, students, and professionals, who seek a comprehensive understanding of forest ecosystems, ranging from rainforests to deciduous and evergreen forests in both temperate and boreal regions.