Membrane science and engineering is the scientific study of the transport of substances between two fractions through a permeable membrane. It is used as a mechanical separation method for separating gaseous or liquid streams. The separation method requires no application of heat like distillation and crystallization. It is of significance in food, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Important applications include the filtration of water using reverse osmosis, treatments in food industry, petrochemical vapor recovery and electrolysis for chlorine production. The medical applications of membrane technology are present in hemodialysis among many others. Research in membrane technology explores new techniques of wastewater treatment, energy recovery, etc. There has been rapid progress in this field and its applications are finding their way across multiple industries. This book covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around membrane science and engineering. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with this field will benefit alike from this book.