Nephrology is a branch of medicine. It studies the functioning of kidneys and their diseases. Some common kidney diseases are kidney stones, acute renal failure and chronic kidney disease. Kidney stones are the solid pieces of material in the urinary tract. They can cause blockage of the ureter which may result in severe pain in the back and abdomen. Acute renal failure is associated with sudden kidney failure or kidney damage that develops within a few hours or a few days. Chronic kidney disease is an illness in which the loss of kidney functioning occurs gradually over a few months or years. This book traces the progress of the field of nephrology and highlights some of its key aspects. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects and the recent researches in this field. For all those who are interested in nephrology, this book can prove to be an essential guide.