Introduction: Discovery of Nitric Oxide (NO). Sect.I: Chemistry.-1. The Chemical Biology of NO. Balancing NO with Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress.- Sect.II: Biochemistry and Pharmacology of NO, Synthesis and Action.-2. Enzymology of NO Synthases.- 3. Regulation of NO Synthase Expression and Activity.- 4. Enzymology of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase.- 5. NO Synthase Inhibitors I: Substrate Analogs and Heme Ligands.- 6. NO Synthase Inhibitors II: Pterin Antagonists/ Anti-Pterins.- 7. Mechanisms of Cellular Resistance Against NO.- Sect. III: Physiological Functions of NO.- 8. NO and Regulation of Vascular Tone.- 9. Regulation of Cardiac Function by NO.- 10. Regulation of Platelet Function.- 11. The Physiological Role of NO in the Central Nervous System. 12. The Role of NO in the Peripheral Nervous System. 13. NO and Neuroendocrine Function.- 14. The Role of NO in Kidney Function. Section IV: The Role of Pharmacological Action of NO in Human Disease.- 15. Therapeutic Importance of Nitrovasodilators.- 16. Therapeutic Potential of NOS Inhibitors in Septic Shock.- 17. Inhalation Therapy with NO Gas.- 18. The Function of NO in the Immune System.- 19. NO: A True Inflammatory Mediator.- 20. NO in the Immunopathogenesis of Type-1 Diabetes.- 21. The Role of NO in Cardiac Ischemia--Reperfusion, - 22. NO and Atherosclerosis.- 23. NO in Brain Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.- 24. Therapeutic Potential of NO Synthase Gene Manipulation.