Nephrology is the study of the kidney function and the diseases associated with them. It also involves the diagnosis, prevention and the treatment of kidney diseases. The assessment of the blood pressure and the condition of the heart, lungs, abdomen and joints is required for diagnosing kidney diseases. Examination of the urine is the most common and direct way to assess kidney problems. In some cases, blood tests for checking the concentration of hemoglobin, platelets, calcium, urea or creatinine in the blood are also used to assess kidney problems. Imaging techniques like ultrasonography, computed axial tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are also used to diagnose the structural abnormalities in the kidneys. The various advancements in nephrology are glanced at in this book and their applications as well as ramifications are looked at in detail. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on nephrology have also been included in it. This book is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.