Rail transport of goods plays an important role in every national economy of each country, not only because of the internal transportation of goods in that country, but above all because of the high importance of rail transport in the international transport of goods. Thirty years ago, rail transport had a dominant monopoly role in relation to other types of land transport. But today more competition in rail traffic is road transport of goods. Rail transport has more advantages than other types of transport, such as a relatively cheaper transportation of goods, the possibility of transporting bulky goods, speed, etc. At the same time, electrification of rail transport increases environmental conservation. This book covers the following three chapters: Part 1: Characteristics of rail transport, Part 2: Rail transport in the European Union and Part 3: International organizations and conventions in the field of railway transport.