People naturally identify the rhythm of music as they tap their feet and sway in time with the beat. Underlying such motions is an act of cognition that is not easily reproduced in a computer program or automated by machine. "Rhythm and Transforms" asks (and answers) the question: How can we build a device that can "tap its foot" along with the music? The result is a tool for detecting and measuring the temporal aspects of a musical performance: the periodicities, the regularities (and irregularities), the beat, the rhythm. The impact of such a "rhythm meter" on music theory and on the design of sound processing electronics is described. It allows discussion of the relationship between cognitive processing of temporal information and mathematical techniques used to describe and understand regularities in data. This book will interest engineers and others interested in the design of audio devices such as musical synthesizers, special effects devices, drum machines, and electronic keyboards. It will be useful to musicians and composers who exploit computer-based tools; arrangers, musicologists, and others interested in musical analysis; and those interested in the way the ear works, and how this influences the types of sound patterns we like to listen to.