There is an ongoing resurgence of applications in which the calculus of variations has direct relevance. Variational Methods with Applications in Science and Engineering reflects the strong connection between calculus of variations and the applications for which variational methods form the fundamental foundation. The material is presented in a manner that promotes development of an intuition about the concepts and methods with an emphasis on applications, and the priority of the application chapters is to provide a brief introduction to a variety of physical phenomena and optimization principles from a unified variational point of view. The first part of the book provides a modern treatment of the calculus of variations suitable for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students in applied mathematics, physical sciences, and engineering. The second part gives an account of several physical applications from a variational point of view, such as classical mechanics, optics and electromagnetics, modern physics, and fluid mechanics. A unique feature of this part of the text is derivation of the ubiquitous Hamilton's principle directly from the first law of thermodynamics, which enforces conservation of total energy, and the subsequent derivation of the governing equations of many discrete and continuous phenomena from Hamilton's principle. In this way, the reader will see how the traditional variational treatments of statics and dynamics are unified with the physics of fluids, electromagnetic fields, relativistic mechanics, and quantum mechanics through Hamilton's principle. The third part covers applications of variational methods to optimization and control of discrete and continuous systems, including image and data processing as well as numerical grid generation. The application chapters in parts two and three are largely independent of each other so that the instructor or reader can choose a path through the topics that aligns with their interests.